The Francis turbine, also known as Francis turbine, is a type of hydraulic machine where water flows radially into the runner and then exits axially. This turbine is compact in design, offers high efficiency, and can operate over a wide range of head conditions. It is particularly suitable for head ranges from 10 to 70 meters and is one of the most widely used turbine types globally. Manufacturers of Francis turbines primarily produce both horizontal and vertical configurations.